| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Niebla spatulata ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Niebla spatulata
''Niebla spatulata'' is a fruticose lichen that grows on small rocks along the foggy Pacific Coast of central Baja California in the Vizcaíno Desert.〔Spjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Bot. Misc. 14〕 The epithet, '' spatulata'' is in reference to the flattened branches of the thallus, in contrast to another similar species, ''Niebla flabellata''.
==Distinguishing Features==
''Niebla spatulata '' is characterized by a fragile thallus divided into irregularly flattened tufted branches spreading from a yellowish orange pigmented holdfast, to 5 cm high and 5 cm across, and by containing the lichen substance hypoprotocetraric acid (without triterpenes but with other unknowns), and by its relatively thin cortex, 35–50(-100) µm thick, in contrast to 45–75 µm thick in ''Niebla josecuervoi'', which also differs by the cylindrical-prismatic branches. The branches of ''N. spatulata'' rarely show any definite shape, appearing entirely ribbon-like, or often partly ribbon-like with irregularly dilated parts, or occasionally entirely dilated and variously torn along the margins, all variations seen on a single thallus. Black dot like pycnidia〔Pycnidium (pycnidia plural) is a small flash-shaped structure (200–350 µm long near the base) that produces conidia, which escape through an opening (ostiole) at the top and function in reproduction, asexually or sexually〕〔Bungartz, F. 2002. Morphology and anatomy of conidia-producing structures, Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert 1: 35–40〕 are common and conspicuous along the branch margins and cortical ridges, and at branch tips, their prominence undoubtedly related to the relatively thin cortex.
''Niebla spatulata'' is most similar to ''Niebla flabellata'', which appears distinguishable only by its secondary metabolite, salazinic acid. ''Niebla flabellata'' is a widely distributed species in the Vizcaíno Desert of Baja California, whereas ''N. spatulata'' is of localized occurrence within the range of ''N. flabellata''.〔 Several other widely distributed species that contain salazinic acid in Baja California have related chemotype species that are also of localized occurrence; they are the acid deficient ''Niebla homaleoides'' as may be related to ''Niebla josecuervoi'' (salazinic acid), the protocetraric acid ''Niebla pulchribarbara'' as related to ''Niebla effusa'' and ''Niebla arenaria'' (salazinic acid), and the hypoprotocetric acid ''Niebla brachyura'' compared to ''N. arenaria''.〔 The localized species are largely allopatric in their distribution in Baja California.〔Map showing occurrences of ''N. brachyura'', ''N homaleoides'', ''N. pulchribarbara'', and ''N. spatulata'' in Baja California; World Botanical Associates, retrieved 2 Jan 2015, http://www.worldbotanical.com/lichens/Niebla-depsidone-spp.jpg〕 On a wider geographical scale, depsidone species, which occur only in Baja California, are within the wider geographical range of the depside species that extend to California and to Guadalupe Island.〔
Although ''Niebla spatulata'' has so far been found only with ''N. flabellata'', ''Niebla pulchribarbara'' (protocetraric acid) occurs with ''Niebla palmeri'', which differs in having sekikaic acid; both are rare terricolous species with less related lichen biogenetically metabolites, while they are also morphologically similar.〔 There are many other examples of less chemically related species that appear morphologically alike and occur together; e.g., ''Niebla flabellata'' (salazinic acid) and ''Niebla caespitosa'' (divaricatic acid); ''Spjut 9073''.〔 Terricolous species, which are common in Baja California, are rare in California. They occur primarily on San Nicolas Island.〔 The secondary metabolites as related to terricolous habit show biogeographical relatinships, therefore, are also considered to have taxonomic significance in the genus ''Niebla''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Niebla spatulata」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|